Table 1 A summary of the environmental data used, data source, and time frame
| Environment data | Extracting features | Defining constructs | Geocoding methods | Access metrics/other detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Supermarkets Ministry for Primary Industries (2017) Territorial Authorities (2013–2015) | Extracted based on propriety classifications provided by MPI/TA and the business name of multinational franchises |
Geocoded to address level 99% match rate using Google API | Full street address provided | |
|
Fast food Ministry for Primary Industries (2017) Territorial Authorities (2013–2015) | Extracted based on propriety classifications provided by MPI/TA and the business name of multinational franchises |
Food outlets: businesses that manufacture, prepare, or sell food or food products are required to be registered through the Ministry for Primary Industries Food Control Programme and/or Territorial Authorities Health licenses |
Geocoded to address level 99% match rate using Google API | Full street address provided |
|
Takeaway Ministry for Primary Industries (2017) Territorial Authorities (2013–2015) | Extracted based on propriety classifications provided by MPI/TA and the business name of national businesses providing takeaway food options |
Geocoded to address level 99% match rate using Google API | Full street address provided | |
|
Dairy/convenience Ministry for Primary Industries (2017) Territorial Authorities (2013–2015) | Extracted based on propriety classifications provided by MPI/TA and the business name of retailers selling pre-packaged convenience foods (includes dairy, convenience, superette, service stations, small grocers) |
Geocoded to address level 99% match rate using Google API | Full street address provided | |
|
Fruit and vegetable Ministry for Primary Industries (2017) Territorial Authorities (2013–2015) | Extracted based on propriety classifications provided by MPI/TA and business name (includes fruit/vegetable stores, produce retailers, green grocers) |
Geocoded to address level 98% match rate using Google API | Full street address provided | |
|
Physical activity facilities Territorial Authorities (2013–2015) Zenbu Directory (2006–2017) | Extracted based on propriety classifications provided by TA/Zenbu (includes gym, fitness centre, sports hall, tennis, rugby, swimming, soccer, bowls, golf, hockey, cricket, martial arts, rowing) | Activity facilities: facilities where physical activity is the main purpose: |
Geocoded to address level 98% match rate using Google API |
Location of activity facilities only. Does not contain sports parks due to their similarity with green space Not systematically registered through government bodies |
|
Alcohol outlets Alcohol Regulatory and Licensing Authority (ARLA) (2015–2018) Licence register | Extracted based on proprietary classifications provided by ARLA | Alcohol outlets: in NZ the sale of alcohol to the public requires the seller to have a licence |
Geocoded to address level 92% match rate achieved in ArcGIS geocoding which were correct to the CAU level |
x, y coordinate provided Alcohol outlet address data had a high prevalence of missing data which required manual processing |
|
Gaming facilities 2018 Department of Internal Affairs register | Extracted based on proprietary classification in register for all licenced gaming venues | Defined consistent with the Department of Internal Affairs register | Data were geocoded using Google Maps Geocoding API through R and ggmap package (98% match rate) | Full street address provided |
|
Green spaces Extracted in March 2019 from Land Cover Database (LCDB) V5.0 | Extracted based on proprietary classifications in LCDB | Indigenous Forest, Mangrove, Exotic Forest, Gorse and/or Broom, Deciduous Hardwoods, Manuka and/or Kanuka,Urban Parkland/Open Space, Broadleaved Indigenous Hardwoods, Matagouri or Grey Scrub, Sub Alpine Shrubland, Fernland, Herbaceous Saline Vegetation, Mixed Exotic Shrubland, Alpine Grass/Herbfield, Herbaceous Freshwater Vegetation, Flaxland | Official layer extracted from the New Zealand Land Cover Database Version 5.0 | N/A |
|
Blue spaces Extracted in March 2019 from Land Cover Database (LCBD) V5.0 and WaterAreas Topo50 | Extracted based on proprietary classifications in LCDB | Lake or Pond, River, Estuarine Open Water, Lake, Lagoon, Reservoir, Pond, and Canal, including coastline | Official layer extracted from the New Zealand Land Cover Database Version 5.0 | N/A |