Residential green space and pathways to term birth weight in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study

Table 3 Associations between a 0.1 IQR increase in residential NDVI in 500 m and individual pathway variables and combined models of NDVI and term birth weight associations adjusted for pathway variables

	Association between NDVI (500 m) and each pathway variable*	Association between NDVI (500 m) and term birth weight adjusting for pathway variable**
Model 3 (fully adjusted model)		21.5 (− 4.6, 47.7)
Air pollution
NO₂ (ppb)	− 2.0 (− 2.3, − 1.8)	25.0 (− 2.5, 52.5)
PM_2.5 (µg/m³)	− 0.2 (− 0.2, − 0.1)	21.7 (− 4.5, 47.8)
O₃ (µg/m³)	− 0.1 (− 0.2, − 0.004)	24.4 (− 2.3, 51.2)
Model 3 + all air pollution variables		27.3 (− 1.0, 55.7)
Physical activity opportunities
Walk score	− 7.7 (− 9.1, − 6.3)	19.0 (− 8.6, 46.6)
Park proximity (meters)	− 10.1 (− 212.1, 191.9)	16.1 (− 10.5, 42.7)
Water proximity (meters)	81.7 (− 123.1, 286.6)	21.8 (− 4.4, 48.0)
Model 3 + all physical activity variables		18.9 (− 8.8, 46.5)
Psychosocial influences
Social support	− 0.1 (− 0.2, 0.4)	22.1 (− 5.1, 49.4)
Model 3 + social support		22.1 (− 5.1, 49.4)
Psychological influences
Depression	− 0.4 (− 0.8, 0.1)	22.6 (− 4.6, 49.8)
Stress	0.0 (− 0.4, 0.4)	22.2 (− 5.1, 49.4)
Model 3 + All psychological influences variables		23.1 (− 4.3, 50.5)
Model 3 + all pathway variables		29.3 (− 1.2, 59.8)

* Associations are for a 0.1 IQR increase in residential NDVI in 500 meters
** Adjusted models include: gestational age, baby’s sex, year and month of birth, mother’s age, mothers smoking during pregnancy, mother/father education, mother/father race/ethnicity, household income, indoor air quality index, city, neighborhood household income, % without high school education, unemployment, % minority and population density at 1 km

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